Toshi's work

CORDUNAP run project about "Tuna culture at North of Chile" supported by CORFO. We made seminar at Santiago , Puerto montt and Iquique on March 10, 12 and 19 accordingly. My presentation content Chile has advantages those salmon culture industry, fish mill industry and professional divers. Those industries are one of the biggest and high tech in the world. Salmon industry provide cage culture equipment (cages, boats and feeding machines), skilled worker, processing plant, marketing net work and logistics. Fish mill industry provide huge volume of fresh fish, fresh fish mill, fishing equipment (boats, nets, operators and fish mill). In the other hand, tuna habit far from coast, 10 hours by boat, and Japan market, and it is high wave condition. I recommend complete fish culture, not capture-based culture, that rearing hatchery made fry and reproduce next generation from artificial seeds. The culture operate off-shore with submersible cage. The advantages are nutrition c...

There is the publication of live feeds production for fish seed "-rotifer-culture-tecstu-060829" at http://groups.google.com/toshif . Below is a part of introduction. This technical study is prepared under the project “Optimización de la tecnología de producción de juveniles de San Pedro ( Oplegnathus insignis )” which running with INNOVA-CORFO since 2006. I introduce the culture method of live feeds, rotifer and Artemia. The method shows that rotifer was cultured up to 1300 ind/ml with feed baker’s yeast and ideal density was 800 ind/ml. 魚類種苗生産時に使用する初期餌料生物生産に関する著作物（英文）が、 http://groups.google.com/toshif 　の「 -rotifer-culutre-tecstu-060829 」にあります。以下はイントロの一部です。 この技術開発は２００６年より始まった INNOVA-CORFO による、プロジェクト「サンペドロ ( Oplegnathus insignis ) （南米産イシダイ）の種苗生産技術の改善」によるもである。これはワムシとアルテミアの生産方法を解説したもので、パン酵母を餌としたワムシ生産では最高１３０００個 / ｍｌの密度で生産されたが、８００個 /ml で良好な生産が見られた。

Graus nigra is one of most common species which widely habit at Chile cost. It is called “Vieja”, “Mulato” or “Mulata” locally and which very variable in market. However, the population abruptly decreases due to over fishing recently. Activity of “Marine ranching” is one of solution to recover and enhance natural resources which consists juvenile releasing, artificial reef construction and area management. According to that it is important to develop technique about mass production of juvenile in term of high quality and large quantity in the first instance. Mulata brood stock spawned in cold season, from July to October, naturally and author tried to produce juvenile. Technical development is on the way, it need more study to reach high survival. This study contents mass production method, morphology and habit of Mulata. Refer to "-mulata-technical study-05-pub" that crick "Toshi's" at side bar. Eventually I could not produced any juveniles due to...

The comparison of Mulata spawning in 2005 and 2006 as below. Wild captured G. nigra are rearing at UNAPDCM since 2002 and it starts spawned from 2002. Seven females (biomass 14,056 g) spawned 9,551,611 eggs with 83 times spawning under water temperature 15.8 ± 0.89 ° C from July 13 to November 1, 2005 . Spawned egg consist 6,956,117 floating eggs (72.8%) and it produces 4,487,154 hatch-out larvae (64.5%). Six females (biomass 13,035 g) spawned 15,657,954 eggs with 94 times under 16.5 ± 0.63 ° C from June 11 to October 17, 2006 . Spawned egg consist 7,947,405 floating eggs (50.8%) and it produces 5,422,681 hatch-out larvae (68.2%). G. nigra spawn several times in a spawning season and the spawning quantity per fish body weight shows 679,500 eggs/Kg in 2005 and 1,202,224 eggs/Kg in 2006. The strong relation shows between egg quantity and the average water temperature while 3 days before spawning and it abundant at WT 15.50 ° C in 2005. It has more spawning quantity at 16 ° C...

This is the spawning analysis of Graus nigra on 2005. Remarkable point is the method can identify the period and water temperature of maturation based on simple mathematics method. Abstract is below. Graus nigra is one of most common species which widely habit at Chile cost. Wild G. nigra brood stock, 7 female (BW 950 to 5,350 g) and 11 males (550 to 3,590 g), are reared at facilities of Universidad de Arturo Prat, Ciencias del Mar marine laboratory in Iquique Chile . G. nigra fatness rise to 35 to 42 and spawned naturally from July to October 2005. Spawning occurred 83 times and 9,551,611 eggs are collected in this term. Spawning occurred at water temperature 14 to 17 C. G. nigra produce large quantity and high quality fry at 15.0 to 15.5 C. Refer the file "-mulata-spawning-060516-en" at 　 http://groups.google.com/group/toshif Este analisis del desove de Graus nigra en 2005. Punto importante ha destacar es la utilizacion de un metodo con el cual pod...

Genetic method have been applied hundreds of years in the field of agriculture and livestock and the results contribute our life very much. In aquaculture field the study started recently and some products are shown at market that use genetic technique such as tilapia, salmon and trout. It has just started to apply genetic techniques to aquaculture field and there are big possibility to improve. There is general information about basic genetic technique that apply to fin fish at file of "-toshi-pub-genetics-breeding-050706.pdf. at http://groups.google.com/group/toshif or crick "Toshi's" at side bar. 農業や畜産においては数百年に渡り遺伝学的手法が使われてきており、我々の生活を豊かにしています。水産においては始まったばかりで、遺伝的手法が使われたティラピア・サケ・マスの生産物が市場に見られるようになっています。詳しくは上記の書庫に、魚類生産における遺伝的手法「 -genetics-breeding-050706」があります。ご覧ください。

I encountered the same misunderstanding about the cost of fish in Japan market many times. Just like the blue fin tuna, a very variable fish that cost about USD120/100g!!!. Wait, wait !. You should know the story behind that the price comes in particular condition such fish is wild one (not cultured), has a premium quality (freshness, color, texture and contents of lipid) and is served at high class Sushi restaurants in the middle of Tokyo . Furthermore, the premium meat comes only less than 10 % from total body weight that calls "Otoro". The average price of blue fin tuna is USD25/Kg or less and culture one is one half of it. Even so still the price is attractive at developing countries what I understand. So, I commented about Japan market and fish price in Tokyo market on 2004 which is converted to USD. Refer file name "-marketing-japan-050419" at above address or crick "Toshi" at side bar. http://groups.google.com/group/toshif 海外で私は日本の市場における魚の値...

I worked in Ecuador under JICA http://www.jica.go.jp/ project from 1993 to 1997. I transfered technology of broodstock collection, seed production and juvenile rearing about flounder ( Paralichthis woolmani ) and white snook ( Centropomus viridis ). Maturation control by water temperature is one of the most useful technique that supply seed on demand, synchronize to rotifer production and reduce cost. The system consist broodstock tank (17.5 ton, 0.9 m depth) , egg collection tank, filter tank, heat pump and UV, and rearing water recirculate by pump. Flounder (Biomass 47Kg, 8 males and 11 females) spawned 165 million egg naturally from June 1995 to May 1997. The spawning was abundant between 18 to 20 C. I use same method in Malawi with carps, Barbus litamba “Thamba”, Labeo cyrinduricus “Ningwi” and Clarias gariepinus “Mlamba” are mature at water temperature 27 to 29 ℃ . Thamba and Ningwi spawn egg after hormone injection and produce some hatch-out fry. １９９３年から１９９７年に南米のエクアド...

According to The Santiago Times on August 10, 2007 , " Chile 's National Fishing Service (SERNAPESCA) has instructed salmon farmers to kill fish found to be infected with the lethal Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA), a highly contagious virus that was recently detected on several fish farms around Chiloe , region X " http://www.tcgnews.com/santiagotimes/index.php?nav=story&story_id=14410&topic... . Chile is one of the biggest salmon producer in world market, it produced 618 thousand ton (US$2.2 billion) in 2006. The industry is contributing to social very much similar to the mining industry. However, it give negative impacts to environment, like contamination of lake http://www.worldwildlife.org/cci/dialogues/salmon.cfm . Penaeus prawns virus reached epidemic word wide more than two decades. I hope salmon virus solve soon. Hopefully those problems can be solved soon. I like to recommend optional indigenous species that can be large scale industry. There are thre...

We transported San pedro broodstock from Antofagasta to our hatchery, 300 miles away from Iquique , on Dec. 27, 2007 . Antofagasta is capital city of 2nd region and the biggest city at north of Chile http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antofagasta . The city is developing very quickly by expansion of mineral businesses, especially exportation of copper. In fact, the population increased from 297 thousands (2002) to 548 thousands (2006) and it has big shopping mall and hotels. We left Iquique in the afternoon passing Atacama Desert drive all night. One of my colleague wanted see his mother who lives near Antofagasta and he turned to sub road. The road was wide and asphalted at the beginning then going to gravel and finally sandy road. So, he chose wrong road and the car got stacked in beach around 10 PM . We tried to pull out the car joking at beginning but were silent passed 3 hours. Finally, he requested mother to send somebody to pull out the car. We arrived Antofagasta Univers...

I worked in Ecuador as JICA ( Japan International Cooperation Agency http://www.jica.go.jp/ ) expert in CENAIM (Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas "Edgar Arellano M." http://www.cenaim.espol.edu.ec/ ) from 1993 to 1997. The jobs were technical transfer of marine fish seed production, particularly broodstock collection, maturation inducement, seed production and juvenile rearing of snook and flounder. The part of broodstock collection is one of the most important and exciting job, because premium broodstock promise to produce excellent seeds. We used to buy the fish from fisherman directory by cash during fishing. Once we pay, the cost was non refundable even if we found some defect of the fish later. Thus, broodstock purchaser require the abilities which evaluate fish quality in an instance under chaotic fishing condition. The conditions of broodstock are as follows. · The fish is matured or the size is able to mature · Less ...

I worked in Ecuador as JICA ( Japan International Cooperation Agency http://www.jica.go.jp/ ) expert in CENAIM (Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas "Edgar Arellano M." http://www.cenaim.espol.edu.ec/ ) from 1993 to 1997. The jobs were technical transfer of marine fish seed production, particularly broodstock collection, maturation inducement, seed production and juvenile rearing of snook and flounder. Fine flounder ( Paralichthys woolmani "Lenguado") is one of very popular fish in Ecuador . The fish were fished by gill-net at off-shore where 30 to 50 m depth during winter season, June to September. Water temperature showed 21 to 25C at surface during collection season. The nets, more or less 10 cm mesh and 200 m long, were set in the afternoon and raise in the following morning. We followed the fisherman in the morning and purchased fish which was ideal for brood stock. The conditions for brood stock are the same as robalo. Especially, d...